Page 1:  From First Cameraman to Director of Photography

Page 2:  Film vs. Digital Video

Page 3:  Oliver Stapleton: So You Wanna Work in Movies?

Page 4:  What It Took to Create 'Collateral'

Page 5:  Bleach Bypass  -  Digital Intermediate  -  Steadicam  -  Louma Crane

Page 6:  Cinematographers-Turned-Director:  A - F

Page 7:  Cinematographers-Turned-Director:  G - Q

Page 8:  Cinematographers-Turned-Director:  R - Z

Page 9:  A History of Aerial Cinematography


Andrzej Bartkowiak  -  Mario Bava  -  Jack Cardiff  -  Arthur Crabtree  -  Jan de Bont

Thomas DiCillo  -  Ernest Dickerson  -  Freddie Francis


2006

2002

Born: 1950, Lódz, Poland.

Studied at the PWSFTviT, Lódz. Went to the USA in 1972. Ph the music video 'Beast of Burden' [1984, Allan Arkush; a: Bette Midler & Mick Jagger]. Member of the ASC. Active as director since 1999. Received a Camerimage 'Golden Frog' nom [1993] for 'Falling Down' & a Camerimage Special Award to the Polish Cinematographer for Immense Contribution to the Art of Film [2006].

CINEMATOGRAPHER

1976

Deadly Hero [Ivan Nagy] c

1979

Three Cheever Stories/3 by Cheever [ep 'The Five Forty-Eight/The 5:48' dir by James Ivory] tvm/58m

1980

Prince of the City [Sidney Lumet] c

1981

Deathtrap [Sidney Lumet] c

1982

The Verdict [Sidney Lumet] c

1982

Daniel [Sidney Lumet] c

1983

Terms of Endearment [James L. Brooks] c

1984

Garbo Talks [Sidney Lumet] c; + small part

1985

Prizzi's Honor [John Huston] c; Gabriel Figueroa was scheduled as doph, but he didn't get a work permit

1986

The Morning After [Sidney Lumet] c

1986

Power [Sidney Lumet] c

1987

Nuts [Martin Ritt] c

1988

Twins [Ivan Reitman] c; 2uc: Craig Denault

1988

Family Business [Sidney Lumet] c; replaced doph Carlo Di Palma

1990

Q & A [Sidney Lumet] c

1990

Off and Running [Edward Bianchi] c

1991

Hard Promises [Martin Davidson] c; 2uc: Peter Lyons Collister

1992

A Stranger Among Us/Close to Eden [Sidney Lumet] c

1992

Falling Down [Joel Schumacher] p/c

1992

Rock the Vote [various] variety special/60m for Fox-tv; cph: Ed Lachman, Robert Leacock, Geoff Schaaf, a.o.

1992

Guilty as Sin [Sidney Lumet] c

1993

A Good Man in Africa [Bruce Beresford] c

1993

Speed [Jan de Bont] p/c; addph: David Drzewiecki (subway) & Garry Waller (elevator)

1994

Losing Isaiah [Stephen Gyllenhaal] c

1994

Species [Roger Donaldson] p/c; addph: Peter Deming (Los Angeles) & Mike Benson (Utah)

1995

Jade [William Friedkin] c

1995

The Mirror Has Two Faces [Barbra Streisand] c; cph: Dante Spinotti; 2uc: Richard Quinlan

1996

Dante's Peak [Roger Donaldson] s35/c; 2uc: Raymond Stella; aph: Kurt Soderling

1996

The Devil's Advocate [Taylor Hackford] p/c; uncred addph: Steve Adcock

1997

U.S. Marshals [Stuart Baird] c; vfx ph: Peter Lyons Collister; replaced doph Donald Thorin

1997

Lethal Weapon 4 [Richard Donner] p/c; 2uc: Rick Bota; aph: Hans Bjerno

1998

Gossip [Davis Guggenheim] c; 2uc: Vern Nobles

1999

Turkey. Cake. [Sean Whalen] c; short/22m

1999

Thirteen Days [Which Shocked the World] [Roger Donaldson] b&w-c; Washington & Philippines ph: Christopher Duddy; Newport, R.I. ph: Gary Capo; aph Newport & Philippines: Robert Mehnert

DIRECTOR

1999

Romeo Must Die [feature] ph: Glen MacPherson

2000

Exit Wounds [feature] ph: Glen MacPherson

2001

HRT [tv-pilot] ph: John S. Bartley

2002

Cradle 2 the Grave [feature] ph: Daryn Okada

2002

Pathfinder [feature] in development; status unknown; not the film dir by Marcus Nispel (2006)

2003

Under Siege 3: Plane Danger [feature] in development since 2000; status unknown

2004

Doom [feature; replaced dir Enda McCallion] ph: Tony Pierce-Roberts

2005

Escobar [feature] announced; status unknown

2006

Redline [feature] in development; status unknown; not the film dir by Andy Cheng (2006)

2007

Black and Blue [feature] announced

2008

Street Fighter: The Legend of Chun-Li [feature] ph: Geoff Boyle; action unit ph: Igor Meglic; L.A. ph: Bridger Nielson

2008

818 [feature] pre-production

2008

A Wing and a Prayer [feature] announced


Born: 31 July 1914, San Remo, Italy, as son of sculptor Eugenio Bava [entered the film industry in the early 1910s as a set designer for Pathé Frčres, where he learned much about the art of in-camera special effects. He rose quickly to the rank of cinematographer. In 1912, he cph the epic 'Quo vadis?' dir by Enrico Guazzoni.]

Died: 25 April 1980, Rome, Italy.

Gave up his initial desire to be a painter. Worked for several years as his father's asst, subtitling feature films for export and animating title seq for Italian features, until the late 1930s, when the prospects of supporting a wife and family made it necessary for him to pursue a more ambitious career. He began to work as a c.asst and c.op to some of Italy's finest cinematographers [Massimo Terzano, Giuseppe Caracciolo, a.o.], eventually becoming a doph in 1939. By the 1950s, his innovative lighting techniques and his genius at creating realistic special effects on a shoestring cemented him as one of Italy's top film technicians. In 1956, he collaborated with dir Riccardo Freda on 'I vampiri', the first Italian horror film of the sound era - initially as doph and optical effects designer, then directing half of the 12-day schedule in only two days, when Freda abandoned the project after being denied an extension. After 'rescuing' [finishing] other troubled productions, he was given the opportunity of directing any film he chose, so long as it didn't cost too much money. Inspired by the recent success of Terence Fisher's Hammer production of 'Dracula/Horror of Dracula' [ph: Jack Asher], he decided to make a horror film of his own. The result was 'La maschera del demonio', a perfect synthesis of the Germanic expressionism of the silent era horror films and the more emboldened expression of violence and sensuality of the Hammer films. His work has proved very influential: he directed what is called the first Italian 'giallo' [yellow] movie - a form of the thriller which concentrates on violent death as opposed to prosaic police procedure - 'Sei donne per l'assassino', and his sci-fi horror 'Terrore nello spazio' was a key influence on 'Alien' [1979]. 'Diabolik' was one of the world's first comic book adaptations, while 'Reazione a catena' is considered to be one of the earliest slasher films.

The last film he worked on [uncred 2ud & vfx] was Dario Argento's 'Inferno' [1979; ph: Romano Albani]. His son Lamberto [1944-] is a film director. [Using quotes from articles by Tim Lucas and Troy Howarth.]

1939

La vispa Teresa [Roberto Rossellini] b&w; short/7m

1939

Il tacchino prepotente [Roberto Rossellini] b&w; short/6m

1946

L'elisir d'amore/This Wine of Love [Mario Costa] b&w

1947

Pagliacci/Love of a Clown - Pagliacci [Mario Costa] b&w

1949

Antonio di Padova/Anthony of Padua [Pietro Francisci] b&w

1950

Vita da cani/A Dog's Life [Mario Monicelli & Steno (= Stefano Vanzina)] b&w

1951

Goya [Luciano Emmer] b&w; doc/16m

1952

Viale della speranza [Dino Risi] b&w

1953

Villa Borghese/It Happened in the Park [Gianni Franciolini] b&w; 5 seq

1953

Cose da pazzi [Georg Wilhelm Pabst] b&w

1954

Graziella [Giorgio Bianchi] b&w

1956

I vampiri/The Devil's Commandment/Lust of the Vampire [Robert Hampton (= Riccardo Freda) & Mario Bava (finished film)] cs/b&w

1958

Ercole e la regina di Lidia/Hercules Unchained [Pietro Francisci] Dyaliscope/c; + sfx dir

1959

La battaglia di Maratona/The Giant of Marathon [Jacques Tourneur & Mario Bava (finished film)] Dyaliscope/c; + spec pfx

1960

Esther and the King [Raoul Walsh] cs/c; + dir/ph Italian version 'Esther e il re'

DIRECTOR [Selection]

1946

L'orecchio [doc; + ph]

1960

La maschera del demonio/Black Sunday/Revenge of the Vampire/The Mask of Satan [+ co-scrpl/ph/sfx]

1962

La ragazza che sapeva troppo/The Evil Eye/The Girl Who Knew Too Much [+ co-scrpl/ph]

1963

I tre volti della paura/Black Sabbath [ph: Ubaldo Terzano] + co-scrpl/uncred cph

1963

Sei donne per l'assassino/Blood and Black Lace [ph: Ubaldo Terzano] + co-scrpl/uncred cph

1965

Terrore nello spazio/Planet of the Vampires [ph: Antonio Pérez Olea & Antonio Rinaldi] + co-scrpl/uncred cph

1967

Diabolik/Danger: Diabolik [ph: Antonio Rinaldi] + co-scrpl/uncred cph

1971

Reazione a catena/A Bay of Blood/Bloodbath/Twitch of the Death Nerve/Last House on the Left Part II [+ co-scrpl/ph]

1977

Schock/Shock/Beyond the Door II [ph: Alberto Spagnoli] + uncred cph

1978

La venere di Ille/Venus of Ille [co-d: Lamberto Bava] ph: Nino Celeste



see entry


Born: 29 November 1900, Chorlton, Lancashire, UK.

Died: ? March 1975, Worthing, Sussex, UK.

Started out at British International Pictures, where he shot five minor features including Michael Powell's 'quota quickie', 'The Love Test' [once believed lost]. He moved to Gainsborough Pictures [Islington Studios] in 1936, and stayed on the studio payroll until just before its demise in 1950. Although his more experienced colleague Jack Cox would usually handle the higher-profile Gainsborough titles, Crabtree quickly gained a reputation for fast, efficient shooting, especially in comedy, where his output included vehicles for Will Hay and Arthur Askey, most of which were directed by Marcel Varnel. His big break as a doph came with the first 'official' Gainsborough costume melodrama, 'The Man in Grey', which allowed Crabtree to make a major contribution to the overall 'look' of the cycle, blending high-contrast expressionism with a studio policy that dictated maximum visibility for the stars [and their costumes!]. He made his directorial debut with 'Madonna of the Seven Moons' for Gainsborough. As a director, he was considered competent but - unsurprisingly - much stronger on the visual than the dramatic side of things. [Using quotes from article by Michael Brooke on the screenonline website.]

CINEMATOGRAPHER [Selection]

1931

Out of the Blue [Gene Gerrard & John Orton] b&w; cph: Ernest Palmer

1934

Lazybones [Michael Powell] b&w; 65m; cph: Ernest Palmer

1934

The Love Test [Michael Powell] b&w; 63m

1936

Pot Luck [Tom Walls] b&w; cph: Roy Kellino

1937

Bank Holiday/Three on a Weekend [Carol Reed] b&w

1938

Old Bones of the River [Marcel Varnel] b&w

1939

Where's That Fire? [Marcel Varnel] b&w

1940

Inspector Hornleigh Goes to It/Mail Train [Walter Forde] b&w; Richmond Park ph; ph: John J. Cox

1941

Kipps/The Remarkable Mr. Kipps [Carol Reed] b&w

1943

The Man in Grey [Leslie Arliss] b&w

1944

Fanny by Gaslight/Man of Evil [Anthony Asquith] b&w

1944

Waterloo Road [Sidney Gilliat] b&w; sfx ph: Phil Grindrod; Sidney Gilliat: 'Arthur Crabtree frankly disliked my being given the picture to direct, because he had ambitions to direct himself; he told me so as an honest Yorkshireman... Producer Edward Black took Arthur Crabtree aside and asked him to give me all the help he could, and Arthur generously complied with suggestions and a list of technical rules that I really ought to have learned on 'Millions Like Us' but hadn't sufficiently.' [From 'Launder and Gilliat' by Geoff Brown, 1977.]

DIRECTOR [Selection Films]

1944

Madonna of the Seven Moons [ph: Jack Cox]

1948

The Calendar [ph: Cyril Knowles & Reginald H. Wyer]

1951

Lilli Marlene [ph: Jack Asher]

1957

Morning Call/The Strange Case of Dr. Manning [ph: Walter James Harvey]

1958

Fiend Without a Face [ph: Lionel Banes]

1958

Horrors of the Black Museum/Crime in the Museum of Horrors [ph: Desmond Dickinson]


see entry


Born: 14 August 1953, Camp LeJeune, North Carolina, USA.

Holds a BA in Creative Writing from Old Dominion University and a MFA [1976] from New York University's Graduate Film School. Wrote and starred in the original 'Johnny Suede', a one-man show performed at New York's Home for Contemporary Theater in 1987. Made his debut as director in 1991 with 'Johnny Suede'. Directed ep of the tv-series 'Monk' [2003] & 'Law & Order: Criminal Intent' [2006 & 2007].

CINEMATOGRAPHER [Selection]

1980

Permanent Vacation [Jim Jarmusch] c; cph: James Lebovitz

1980

Underground U.S.A. [Eric Mitchell] 16mm-35bu/c

1982

Stranger Than Paradise [Jim Jarmusch] 16mm-35bu/b&w; started out as a 30m short; + small part

1983

Variety [Bette Gordon] c; cph: John Foster; addph: Bette Gordon

1988

Laura Ley [Jenne Sipman] c

1990

End of the Night [Keith McNally] b&w

DIRECTOR [Films]

1991

Johnny Suede [ph: Joe De Salvo] + scrpl

1993

Scene Six, Take One [ph: Frank Prinzi] short/17m; later expanded into feature 'Living in Oblivion'

1994

Living in Oblivion [ph: Frank Prinzi] + scrpl

1996

Box of Moonlight [ph: Paul Ryan] + scrpl

1997

The Real Blonde [ph: Frank Prinzi] + scrpl

2000

Double Whammy [ph: Robert Yeoman] + scrpl

2005

Delirious [ph: Frank DeMarco] + scrpl



With actor DMX [left] - "Never Die Alone"

Born: 25 June 1951, Newark, New Jersey, USA, as Ernest Roscoe Dickerson.

Studied at Howard University, Washington, D.C. [major: Architecture; minor: color photographic illustration] & the Graduate Film Program at New York University's [NYU] Department of Film and Television [major: Cinematography; graduated in 1982]. Between Howard and NYU, he worked as medical photographer at Howard University Medical School for 3 years. Met dir Spike Lee during his study in New York. Ph commercials & music videos with a: Bruce Springsteen [1984, 'Born in the USA', d: John Sayles], Patti LaBelle [1985, 'Stir It Up', d: Doug Nichol], Miles Davis [1986, 'Tutu', d: Spike Lee], a.o. Ph anti-drug announcements dir by Martin Scorsese. Interviewee in the doc 'Visions of Light: The Art of Cinematography' [1991]. Appeared in the doc's '[Clive Barker's] A-Z of Horror' [1997, Ursula Macfarlane; doc tv-series], 'Diggin' Up Bones' [2002, Michelle Palmer], 'Urban Gothic' [2002, Michelle Palmer], 'Cinematographer Style' [2005, Jon Fauer (JF); ph: JF, Jeff Laszlo, Brian Heller & David Morgan] & 'Hitchcocked' [2006, Jeffrey Schwarz; ph: Bryan Donnell & Clay Westervelt]. Member of the ASC since 1990. Active as director since 1989. Received awards/nominations: as doph: NYFCC Award [1989] for 'Do the Right Thing'; Daytime 'Emmy' Award [2003] for 'Our America'; as dir: L.A. Outfest Grand Jury Award [1999] for 'Blind Faith'; Black Reel nom [2000] for 'Strange Justice'; Black Reel nom [2004] for 'Good Fences'.

CINEMATOGRAPHER [Films]

1980

The Answer [Spike Lee] 16mm/?; student film/10m; prod NYU

1980

Sarah [Spike Lee] ?; student film/?m; prod NYU

1980

Joe's Bed-Stuy Barbershop - We Cut Heads [Spike Lee] 16mm/c; 60m; prod NYU

1984

The Brother from Another Planet [John Sayles] c

1984

Desiree [Felix de Rooy] c

1984

Day of the Dead [George A. Romero] c; 2uc Florida; ph: Michael Gornick

1985

Krush Groove [Michael Schultz] c

1985

She's Gotta Have It [Spike Lee] s16/b&w-c; + small part

1985

One Night with Blue Note [John Jopson] 16mm/c; mus doc/120m

1985

Almacita di desolato [Felix de Rooy] c

1986

The Laser Man [Peter Wang] c; 2uc: Larry Banks

1987

Enemy Territory [Peter Manoogian] c; 2uc: Robert Ebinger

1987

Eddie Murphy RAW [Robert Townsend] c; perf/90m

1987

School Daze [Spike Lee] c

1988

Def by Temptation [James Bond III] c

1988

Do the Right Thing [Spike Lee] c

1988

Fright House/Vampires [Len Anthony] c; cph: Larry Revene

1989

Mo' Better Blues [Spike Lee] c

1990

Ava & Gabriel, un historia di amor [Felix de Rooy] c

1990

Jungle Fever [Spike Lee] c

1990

Sex, Drugs, Rock & Roll [John McNaughton] c; perf/96m

1991

Cousin Bobby [Jonathan Demme] 16mm-35bu/c; doc/69m; cph: Jacek Laskus, Tony Jannelli, Declan Quinn & Craig Haagensen

1991

Malcolm X [Spike Lee] c; Mecca ph: David Golia; 2uc: Arthur Jafa Fielder & George Pattison

CINEMATOGRAPHER [Television]

1984

Tales from the Darkside [ep #9 'The Word Processor of the Gods' dir by Michael Gornick] 90-part series, 1983-88; other ph: Robert Draper, Lloyd Freidus & Joseph Urbanczyk

1989

H.E.L.P./911 [pilot dir by Christopher Crowe] 6-part series, 1990; other ph: Constantine Makris; 2uc: Ken Ferris

1990

Law & Order [ep #1 'Prescription for Death' dir by John Whitesell] series, 1990-present; 1st season, 1990-91; other ph: John Beymer & Constantine Makris

1992

20th Anniversary Special [Ernest Dickerson, Paul Bogart, Twyla Tharp, a.o.] special/90m for PBS-tv series 'Great Performances'; ph seg 'Hip Hop - You Don't Stop'; other ph: Bobby Bukowski, Daniel Stoloff, Michael Negrin, a.o.

"Our America" - photo by Russ Martin

2001

Our America [Ernest Dickerson] tvm/dv; for Showtime-tv

DIRECTOR [Selection]

1989

Spike & Co. Do It a-Capella [special/60m for PBS-tv series 'Great Performances'] loc ph: Larry Banks; c.op live perf: Robert Leacock, Anastas Michos, a.o.

1991

Juice/Angel Town 2 [feature; + story] ph: Larry Banks

1992

20th Anniversary Special [co-d; + ph] see Cinematographer [Television]

1992

The Untouchables [ep of 42-part tv-series, 1993-94] ph: Mario DiLeo

1993

Surviving the Game [feature] ph: Bojan Bazelli

1994

Tales from the Crypt [Presents]: Demon Knight [feature] ph: Rick Bota; opening seq ph: Neil Krepela

1996

Bulletproof [feature] ph: Steven Bernstein

1997

Blind Faith [feature] ph: Rodney Charters

1997

Futuresport [tvm] ph: Jonathan Freeman; 2uc: Jon Joffin

1997

Ambushed [tvm; + small part] ph: Phil Oetiker; 2uc: Frank P. Flynn

1998

Daddy Cool [feature] announced; status unknown

1999

Strange Justice [tvm] ph: Jonathan Freeman

1999

Parting the Waters [co-d: Kevin Hooks; tv-miniseries] prod cancelled

2000

Bones [feature] ph: Flavio Martínez Labiano

2000

Night Visions [ep #16 'My So Called Life and Death' & #18 'Still Life' of 26-part tv-series, 2001] ph: Andreas Poulsson

2001

Monday Night Mayhem [tvm] ph: Jonathan Freeman

2001

Our America [+ ph] see Cinematographer [Television]

2001

Big Shot: Confessions of a Campus Bookie [tvm] ph: Steven Bernstein

2002

Good Fences [tvm] ph: Jonathan Freeman

2003

Never Die Alone [feature] ph: Matthew Libatique

2003

The Wire [ep #24 'Bad Dreams'; 2nd season of 37-part tv-series, 2002-04] ph: Uta Briesewitz

2003

Third Watch [ep #102 'Blessed and Bewildered'; 5th season of 131-part tv-series, 1999-2005] ph: Glenn Kershaw

2004

The Wire [ep #29 'Amsterdam' & #37 'Mission Accomplished'; 3rd season] ph: Uta Briesewitz (#29), Dave Insley (#29) & Eagle Egilsson (#37); see 2003

2004

Third Watch [ep #116 'The Greatest Detectives in the World'; 6th season] ph: Glenn Kershaw; see 2003

2004

The L Word [ep #20 'Luminous'; 2nd season of tv-series, 2004-present] ph: Robert Aschmann

2004

ER [ep #236 'Middleman' & #243 'You Are Here'; 11th season of tv-series, 1994-present] ph: Arthur Albert

2005

For One Night [tvm] ph: Phil Oetiker

2005

Invasion [ep #8 'The Cradle'; 22-part tv-series, 2005-06] ph: Jeffrey Jur

2005

Crossing Jordan [ep #85 'Total Recall'; 5th season of 117-part tv-series, 2001-07] ph: John Aronson

2005

Criminal Minds [ep #6 'L.D.S.K.'; 1st season of tv-series, 2005-present] ph: Glenn Kershaw

2005

CSI: Miami [ep #85 'Silencer'; 4th season of tv-series, 2002-present] ph: Eagle Egilsson

2006

Masters of Horror [ep #18 'The V Word'; 2nd season of tv-series, 2005-present] ph: Jon Joffin

2006

The Wire [ep #47 'Misgivings' & #50 'Final Grades'; 4th season of tv-series, 2002-present] ph: Russell Lee Fine

2007

The Un-Dead [feature] pre-production


Directed feature films and episodic television between 1961-77. 'I got a lot of fun out of being a cameraman, but obviously directing is more interesting. One thing wrong with being a cameraman in Britain is that from the financial point of view you have to keep working all the time and you often have to work with people whose work, frankly, doesn't excite you. When I got the opportunity to direct I decided to try it and if I wasn't excited with what I did, well, that would be my own problem and no one else's. But basically I love making films. If someone asked me now to photograph a film I still would.' [From 'The Horror People' by John Brosnan, 1976.]

see entry