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The official name of the 'Oscar' statuette - given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences - is the 'Academy Award of Merit'. It was designed by Cedric Gibbons, chief art director at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and sculpted by Los Angeles artist George Stanley. The 'Oscar' statuette depicts a knight, holding a crusader's sword, standing on a reel of film. The film reel features five spokes, signifying the five original branches of the Academy [actors, directors, producers, technicians and writers.] Each statuette is made from the alloy britannium and is then plated in copper, nickel silver, and finally, 24-karat gold. Each statuette stands 13½ inches tall and weighs 8½ pounds. |
43rd - 1970 [presented in 1971]
> Freddie Young: Ryan's Daughter [David Lean]
44th - 1971 [1972]
> Oswald Morris: Fiddler on the Roof [Norman Jewison]
45th - 1972 [1973]
> Geoffrey Unsworth: Cabaret [Bob Fosse]
> Panavision Inc. received a Class II technical award [plaque] for the development and engineering of the Panaflex motion picture camera
46th - 1973 [1974]
> Sven Nykvist: Viskningar och rop/Cries and Whispers [Ingmar Bergman]
> Joachim Gerb & Erich Kästner of the Arnold & Richter Co. received a Class II technical award [plaque] for the development and engineering of the Arriflex 35BL motion picture camera
47th - 1974 [1975]
> Fred Koenekamp & Joseph Biroc: The Towering Inferno [John Guillermin & Irwin Allen]
48th - 1975 [1976]
> John Alcott: Barry Lyndon [Stanley Kubrick]
49th - 1976 1977]
> Haskell Wexler: Bound for Glory [Hal Ashby]
50th - 1977 [1978]
> Vilmos Zsigmond: Close Encounters of the Third Kind [Steven Spielberg]
> Garrett Brown and the Cinema Products Corp. engineering staff under the supervision of John Jurgens received a Class I technical award [statuette] for the invention and development of Steadicam
> Panavision Inc. received a Class II technical award [plaque] for the concept and engineering of the improvements incorporated in the Panaflex motion picture camera
> Panavision Inc. received a Class III technical award [citation] for the design of Panalite, a camera-mounted controllable light for motion picture photography
> Panavision Inc. received a Class III technical award [citation] for the engineering of the Panahead gearhead for motion picture cameras
[Panavision rejected these 3 awards because its Panaflex camera was voted a Class II (plaque) instead of a Class I (statuette) award]
51st - 1978 [1979]
> Nestor Almendros: Days of Heaven [Terrence Malick]
52nd - 1979 [1980]
> Vittorio Storaro: Apocalypse Now [Francis Coppola]
> Charles G. Clarke [1899-1983] received a Medal of Commendation [medallion] in appreciation for outstanding service and dedication in upholding the high standards of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
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53rd - 1980 [presented in 1981]
> Geoffrey Unsworth & Ghislain Cloquet: Tess [Roman Polanski]
> Jean-Marie Lavalou, Alain Masseron & David Samuelson of Samuelson Alga Cinema S.A. and Samuelson Film Service, Ltd., received a Scientific and Engineering Award [plaque] for the engineering and development of the Louma Camera Crane and remote control system for motion picture production
54th - 1981 [1982]
> Vittorio Storaro: Reds [Warren Beatty]
> Joseph B[ailey] Walker [1892-1985] received the 'Gordon E. Sawyer Award' [statuette]
55th - 1982 [1983]
> Billy Williams & Ronnie Taylor: Gandhi [Richard Attenborough]
> August Arnold & Erich Kästner of Arnold & Richter, GmbH, received a technical Academy Award of Merit [statuette] for the concept and engineering of the first operational 35mm, hand-held, spinning-mirror reflex, motion picture camera
56th - 1983 [1984]
> Sven Nykvist: Fanny och Alexander/Fanny and Alexander [Ingmar Bergman]
> Gerald L. Turpin of Lightflex International Ltd. received a Scientific and Engineering Award [plaque] for the design, engineering and development of an on-camera device providing contrast control, sourceless fill light and special effects for motion picture photography
57th - 1984 [1985]
> Chris Menges: The Killing Fields [Roland Joffé]
58th - 1985 [1986]
> David Watkin: Out of Africa [Sydney Pollack]
> IMAX Systems Corporation received a Scientific and Engineering Award [plaque] for a method of filming and exhibiting high-fidelity, large-format, wide angle motion pictures
59th - 1986 [1987]
> Chris Menges: The Mission [Roland Joffé]
60th - 1987 [1988]
> Vittorio Storaro: The Last Emperor [Bernardo Bertolucci]
> Fritz Gabriel Bauer received a Scientific and Engineering Award [plaque] for the invention and development of the improved features of the Moviecam Camera System
61st - 1988 [1989]
> Peter Biziou: Mississippi Burning [Alan Parker]
> Eastman Kodak Company received a Honorary Award [statuette] in recognition of the company's fundamental contributions to the art of motion pictures during the first century of film history
62nd - 1989 [1990]
> Freddie Francis: Glory [Edward Zwick]
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63rd - 1990 [presented in 1991]
> Dean Semler: Dances with Wolves [Kevin Costner]
64th - 1991 [1992]
> Robert Richardson: JFK [Oliver Stone]
65th - 1992 [1993]
> Philippe Rousselot: A River Runs Through It [Robert Redford]
> A Scientific and Engineering Award [plaque] was given to Al Mayer for the Camera Design; Iain Neil and George Kraemer for the optical design; Hans Spirawski and Bill Eslick for the opto-mechanical design and Don Earl for technical support in developing the Panavision System 65 Studio Sync Sound Reflex Camera for 65mm motion picture photography
> A Scientific and Engineering Award [plaque] was given to Douglas Trumbull for the concept; Geoffrey H. Williamson for the movement design; Robert D. Auguste for the electronic design and Edmund M. DiGiulio for the camera system design of the CP-65 Showscan Camera System for 65mm motion picture photography
> Arnold & Richter, Otto Blaschek and the Engineering Department of ARRI, Austria, received a Scientific and Engineering Award [plaque] for the design and development of the Arriflex 765 Camera System for 65mm motion picture photography
66th - 1993 [1994]
> Janusz Kaminski: Schindler's List [Steven Spielberg]
> Fritz Gabriel Bauer received a Scientific and Engineering Award [plaque] for the design, development and manufacture of the Moviecam Compact Modular 35mm motion picture camera system
67th - 1994 [1995]
> John Toll: Legends of the Fall [Edward Zwick]
68th - 1995 [1996]
> John Toll: Braveheart [Mel Gibson]
> Arnold and Richter Cine Technik received a Scientific and Engineering Award [plaque] for the development of the Arriflex 535 Series of Cameras for motion picture cinematography
69th - 1996 [1997]
> John Seale: The English Patient [Anthony Minghella]
> IMAX Corporation received an Academy Award of Merit [statuette] for the method of filming and exhibiting high-fidelity, large-format, wide-angle motion pictures
70th - 1997 [1998]
> Russell Carpenter: Titanic [James Cameron]
71st - 1998 [1999]
> Janusz Kaminski: Saving Private Ryan [Steven Spielberg]
> Arnold & Richter Cine Technik, and ARRI USA, Inc. received a Scientific and Engineering Award [plaque] for the concept and engineering of the Arriflex 435 Camera System. [The 435 enhances the creative process via its programmability and reliability, and provides the camera operator with the widest feature and performance capability of any MOS camera in use today.]
72nd - 1999 [2000]
> Conrad L. Hall: American Beauty [Sam Mendes]
> Fritz Gabriel Bauer received a Scientific and Engineering Award [plaque] for the concept, design and engineering of the Moviecam Superlight 35mm Motion Picture Camera. [The quiet Moviecam Superlight is an extremely small and light 35mm professional motion picture sound camera which allows the cinematographer to film in ways and situations that were never before possible.]
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73rd - 2000 [presented in 2001]
> Peter Pau: Wo hu cang long/Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon [Ang Lee]
> Jack Cardiff, master of light and color, received a Honorary Award [statuette]
> A Scientific and Engineering Award [plaque] was given to Al Mayer Sr. and Al Mayer Jr., for the mechanical design, Iain Neil for the optical design and Brian Dang for the electronic design of the Panavision Millennium XL Camera System. [This camera brings the full uncompromised performance of larger heavy-duty cameras to the lightest weight category with ruggedness and advanced features previously expected only in specialized or effects cameras.]
74th - 2001 [2002]
> Andrew Lesnie: The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring [Peter Jackson]
> Rune Ericson received an Award of Commendation [special award plaque] for his pioneering development and 30 years of dedication to the Super 16mm format for motion pictures. [The Super 16mm film format has achieved a significant impact on the worldwide film industry by playing a major role in empowering low budget films to be produced for theatrical release.]
> The American Society of Cinematographers [ASC] received an Award of Commendation [special award plaque] for the continued publication of the 'American Cinematographer Manual.' [Born from 'The Cinematographic Annual,' first published by the ASC in 1930, the 'American Cinematographer Manual' has become an essential bible for cinematographers. Currently in its eighth edition, this premier reference manual has had a significant impact on decades of motion picture photography around the world.]
75th - 2002 [2003]
> Conrad L. Hall [posthumously]: Road to Perdition [Sam Mendes]
> Arnold & Richter Cine Technik and Panavision Inc. received an Academy Award of Merit [statuette] for their continuing development and innovation in the design and manufacturing of advanced camera systems specifically designed for the motion picture entertainment industry. [With a commitment that lies beyond the usual commercial considerations, these two manufacturers continue to lead the industry in developing and introducing products that have defined the state of the art in motion picture camera technology.]
76th - 2003 [2004]
> Russell Boyd: Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World [Peter Weir]
77th - 2004 [2005]
> Robert Richardson: The Aviator [Martin Scorsese]
> Jean-Marie Lavalou, Alain Masseron and David Samuelson received an Academy Award of Merit [statuette] for the engineering and development of the Louma Camera Crane and remote system for motion picture production. [The Louma pioneered a remotely-operated camera head combined with a lightweight and portable modular crane. Its design has proved to be the inspiration for numerous subsequent remote camera systems.]
78th - 2005 [2006]
> Dion Beebe: Memoirs of a Geisha [Rob Marshall]
> Garrett Brown received a Scientific and Engineering Award [plaque] for the original concept of the Skycam flying camera system – the first use of 3-D volumetric cable technology for motion picture cinematography. [In creating the first remote-controlled, cable-supported flying camera system, Garrett Brown’s pioneering efforts have influenced all subsequent development in this area of technology.]
79th - 2006 [2007]
> Guillermo Navarro: El laberinto del fauno/Pan's Labyrinth [Guillermo del Toro]
> Klemens Kehrer, Josef Handler, Thomas Smidek and Marc Shipman Mueller received a Technical Achievement Award [certificate] for the design and development of the Arriflex 235 Camera System. [Designed for handheld photography, the features of this small, lightweight MOS camera also allow it to be used as a secondary production camera.]
80th - 2007 [2008]
> Robert Elswit: There Will Be Blood [Paul Thomas Anderson]
81st - 2008 [2009]
> Anthony Dod Mantle: Slumdog Millionaire [Danny Boyle]
82nd - 2009 [2010]
> Mauro Fiore: Avatar [James Cameron]
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83rd - 2010 [2011]
> Wally Pfister: Inception [Christopher Nolan]
84th - 2011 [2012]
> Robert Richardson: Hugo [Martin Scorsese]
85th - 2012 [2013]
> Claudio Miranda: Life of Pi [Ang Lee]
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